There isnt any single unique reaction happening in the cracker. Hydrocarbons can be split up into small ones, built up into bigger ones, altered in shape, or modified by adding other atoms. Gcse crude oil revise the thermal cracking reaction. Complete the general formula for the compounds found in crude oil. Crude oil as dug from the ground is completely useless. Why are hydrocarbons referred to as a good chemical feedstock.
Chemistry of petroleum teacher sheet science netlinks. What are some of the products of cracking useful for. Petrol and other fuels are produced from it using fractional distillation. Crude oil is described as a fossil fuel but it is much more important than that as many plastics have crude oil as a raw material. Cracking means splitting up longchain hydrocarbons by passing vapour over a hot catalyst. Other useful substances from crude oil cracking hydrocarbons. Cracking is the name for a thermal decomposition processes. History, process and products nearly every aspect of our modern lifestyle is impacted by oil. There are different predictions when crude oil will run out. The american chemist, william burton, is usually credited with being the inventor of the thermal cracking process.
Crude oil is a complex mixture of different compounds that need to be separated to maximise their use. Feb 04, 2011 how crude oil cracking works us auto industry. Fractionation of crude oil fractional distillation is a process that is used to separate the crude oil into its components. The cracking and reforming of crude oil fractions presentation free download as powerpoint presentation. This fraction after revaporisation can undergo a cracking. Cracking is the name for processes which breaks long hydrocarbon molecules into shorter ones. Some can be used for bitumen used to make tar for roads, but there is more residue than we really want. How does it work why is crude oil both important and useless. If the answer you have written is not right, change it. Give three examples of fuels which are produced from crude oil that are used in our society.
In this experiment you will explore the process of fractional distillation, which is one of the major steps in refining crude oil. Cracking is the name for processes which break long hydrocarbon. If that could be established, it could strengthen the hand of rival american companies wishing to invalidate the burtonhumphreys patent. And yet this black gold gives us petrol, lpg, paraffin, bitumen, kerosene, plastic and a whole host of other compounds vital to modern western. However, none of these products would exist without the. Making crude oil usefulfractional distillation and cracking. A worksheet that covers the key points of cracking crude oil, including the aspect of supply and demand. This list of resources covers oil as a resource and the purification of oil by fractional distillation and cracking.
However, once the crude oil is refined, it is used to produce gasoline, diesel fuel, paraffin wax, and even plastics. Cracking oil fractions reaction conditions products equations. The main source of large hydrocarbon molecules is the naphtha fraction as a liquid from the fractional distillation of crude oil in refinery. This is a chemical reaction in which heat breaks down long chain molecules into smaller ones.
You can find instructions for this experiment at liquid paraffin a mixture of. It is the remains of plantsanimalsfossils produced over millions of years 1 mark. Sheet 1 is a notes sheet which needs to be annotated during the lesson or using a textbook. The answer to the question of crude oils multiple uses is fractional distillation and cracking.
What is crude oil, fractional distillation for crude oil, uses of different crude oil fractions, compare the structure and properties of alkanes and alkenes, explain the process and purpose of cracking, making and disposing synthetic polymers, examples and step by step demonstration. These fractions are obtained from the distillation process as liquids, but are revaporised before cracking. The best way to remember the information in this chapter is to get a pen and paper and write down your answers. Making crude oil useful fractional distillation and cracking. Crude oil and hydrocarbons worksheets teaching resources. High octane starter to inject pace which is easily adapted for other lessons. A it is a mixture of 1 mark different length hydrocarbons 1 mark. There isnt any single unique reaction happening in.
Crude oil is a mixture of compounds called hydrocarbons, which can be separated into fractions. This may be carried out with catalyst and equipment similar to that of catalytic cracking, but at a temperature range between that of standard catalytic cracking and steam cracking. Gcse chemistry revision questions fossil fuels crude. This is why they are a good starting point, or chemical feedstock, for making other materials. See all chemistry resources see all crude oil, cracking and hydrocarbons. Modern living is built on crude oil this hub explains how crude oil is changed into the things we use everyday, from petrol to plastic. Why do long hydrocarbons have higher boiling points. Simulate an oil spill cleanup for teachers 8th 12th. Used in the oil and gas industry to refer to a variety of methods whereby a larger product is broken down into smaller byproducts. Cracking is used to convert long alkanes into shorter, more useful hydrocarbons. D fractional distillation involves the separation of crude oil into pure compounds. The table shows the different fractions in the crude oil you buy, and the amount of each fraction you can sell once they have been separated. Most of the time, small hydrocarbon molecules are more useful than long ones.
In this crude oil worksheet, students read about the fractions of crude oil and. How is crude oil transformed into everyday usable products. Crude oil is a dark smelly liquid which is a mixture of many different hydrocarbons. Cracking may be used to convert one fraction of crude oil to a mixture of hydrocarbons with the properties of a different fraction. In this worksheet, we will practice explaining the catalytic cracking of alkanes and its importance and describing the process on an industrial scale. You need to understand certain chemical reactions used in a variety of industrial processes for gcse chemistry. You should use the words evaporated and condensed in. Feb 11, 2011 you can find instructions for this experiment at cracking hydrocarbons liquid paraffin a mixture of. Oil is used to power our vehicles, to create medicines that keep us healthy, and to make the plastics, cosmetics, and other personal products that enhance our daily lives.
C fractional distillation involves a chemical reaction. In petrochemistry, petroleum geology and organic chemistry, cracking is the process whereby complex organic molecules such as kerogens or longchain hydrocarbons are broken down into simpler molecules such as light hydrocarbons, by the breaking of carboncarbon bonds in the precursors. New91 aqa gcse chemistry c9 hydrocarbons kerboodle. The crude oil that comes out of the ground is useless on its own. Organic chemistry teaching resources the science teacher. Students need to appreciate that crude oil is a very complex mixture of thousands of different substances, mainly hydrocarbons, and is of little use as crude oil itself. Either way, it means the vast majority of crude oil can be turned into useful products. This shifting of powers from the multinational oil companies to the oil producing countries created opec organization of petroleum exporting countries which is the present power broker for crude oil. Give a description of how crude oil is formed and where it is found. Crude oil is one of three types of fossil fuel, the other two being gas and coal, and is arguably the most useful. It helps students make links and understand how the processes of cracking, fractional.
Crude oil is used to produce many useful materials. A whole range of products are made from this oil, including petrol. It takes heavy oil and cracks it into gasoline and. The best way to remember the information in this chapter is to get a pen and paper and write down your answers before clicking on the answer link which will take you to the correct page you may have to read through some of the page before you find the answer. Catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons uniwersytet warszawski. The source of the large hydrocarbon molecules is often the naphtha fraction or the gas oil fraction from the fractional distillation of crude oil petroleum. The main purpose of this limited study was to conduct a literature search on cold cracking of petroleum crude oil in an attempt to collect and analyze background information. Use the diagram to help you to explain how crude oil is separated into fractions.
Aqa gcse chemistry worksheet for the organic chemistry topic. The rate of cracking and the end products are strongly dependent on the temperature and presence of catalysts. Cracking and alkenes crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes aqa. Recommend carrying out cracking demonstration whilst discussing the questions as it can take a while. Many oil producing nations realized that their countries could become wealthy if they controlled the price of oil. Home gcse study tools chemistry cracking crude oil. Hydrocarbons examples, answers, activities, experiment.
Which of the following fuels can be replicated via the cracking of kerosene. Cracking and alkenes crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes. Unfortunately, a lot of crude oil contains very long molecules. While the process of refining crude oil is nowhere near as complex as the process for harnessing nuclear energy, it is still quite ingenious and offers an inside look at one of our most controversial, essential commodities. Modeling of thermal cracking process in a crude oil refinery. E fractional distillation involves the separation of compounds using a pressure gradient. How does fractional distillation use heat to perform its. In this worksheet, students will learn how we use cracking to break long hydrocarbon. Although the crude oil enters the fractionating column as a vapour or a gas, many of the fractions are collected as liquids. Hydrocarbons examples, answers, activities, experiment, videos. Gcse chemistry products from oil high demand questions questionsheet 1 a crude oil is the raw material of the petrochemical industry.
In modern oil refinery industry a commonly used process is a catalytic cracking in a fluid phase. The vacuum residues were derived from three kuwaiti crude. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Sheet 2 has a series of short tasks to assess understanding and test application of the key ideas. Most important useful chemicals,polymers and fuels are obtained from crude oil. For example, hexane can be cracked to form butane and. Pdf modeling of thermal cracking process in a crude oil. In this worksheet, we will practice explaining the catalytic cracking of alkanes. Gcse worksheet on the language of fractional distillation of crude oil.
The direct cracking of crude oil is an interesting option for producing cheaply large amounts of petrochemicals. The first step in refining crude oil is known as fractional distillation. State what must be done to the crude oil before it enters the fractionating column. Lesson with option of differentiated resources for cracking hydrocarbon. High pressure from above and high temps from below cause oil to form. Unit c1 revision lesson 5 hydrocarbons and combustion. A fully resourced lesson with assessment on the cracking of crude oil. One of these is thermal cracking which is used on crude oil. This method can be used as the oil is a mixture of molecules. Chemical processing how oil refining works howstuffworks. All that we need to do is heat longchain hydrocarbons, so that they turn into vapor. Is a fossil fuel which comes directly from the earths crust. What is the name given to the molecules that are found in crude oil. Past paper questions crude oil, fractional distillation.
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