Typha latifolia american bulrush scirpus ameticanus. Typha latifolia variegata is not as aggressive as the species. If planting in small ponds, a root restrainer may be necessary. Atlas of north european vascular plants north of the tropic of cancer. Unfortunately it has been treated as a species by many authors e. The university of minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer. Cattail is quite common along lake shores and wetlands and often is only limited in its spread by water depth. Common cattail typha latifolia cattails make a nice accent plant in any size pond. Note that the pdf version is the booklet as published, whereas the excel spreadsheet incorporates subsequent corrections. In canada, broadleaf cattail occurs in all provinces and also in the yukon and northwest territories, and in the.
If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. It is found as a native plant species in north and south america, europe, eurasia, and africa. Floridas two native cattail species can be distinguished by looking at the flower spike. Guidelines for establishing aquatic plants in constructed wetlands figure mechanical pine tree planter is used to plant wetland plants. Pdf role of macrophyte typha latifolia in a constructed. These plants have a variety of common names, in british english as bulrush or reedmace, in american english as reed, cattail, or punks, in australia as cumbungi or bulrush, in canada as bulrush or cattail, and in new zealand as raupo. Typha angustifolia generally occurs in deeper water than typha latifolia. The atlas of florida plants provides a source of information for the distribution of plants within the state and taxonomic information. Typha latifolia reedmace, broadleaf cattail, bullrush. Typha angustifolia has fewer and larger rhizomes, resulting in a low rate of cloning but enabling it to grow in deeper water than typha latifolia. Keep in mind the fluctuations of water levels when planting.
The website also provides access to a database and images of herbarium specimens found at the university of south florida and other herbaria. Typha latifolia is a very invasive plant spreading freely at the roots when in a suitable site. Typha angustifolia has a higher allocation to sexual reproduction. Cattails are often abundant wetland species, and perhaps the most common cattail species in north texas is typha latifolia. Treatment of industrial wastewater with twostage constructed wetlands planted with typha latifolia and phragmites australis. Typha domingensis southern cattail and typha latifolia common cattail. Guidelines for establishing aquatic plants in constructed wetlands nutrient tolerance physical and chemical parameters of animal waste lagoon wastewater can affect the survival and growth of wetland plant species. They are often a nuisance but also perform an important function in keeping a lake healthy by filtering the runoffs. Typha is a genus of rhizomatous perennial macrophytes that occur in seepage areas, swamps and billabongs over a wide latitudinal range.
Typha latifolia broadleaf cattail, bulrush, common bulrush, common cattail, catoninetails, great reedmace, coopers reed, cumbungi is a perennial herbaceous plant in the genus typha. Pdf niche differentiation between two rhizomatous plant. Typha latifolia reedmace, broadleaf cattail, bullrush, nailrod pfaf. The effects of harvest date and frequency on the yield. Typha latifolia occurs in coastal and valley marshes at elevations lower than 2,000 m. This unique plant is best characterized by its large, cynidrical, brown spike of female flowers from which it gets its name. Typha latifolia variegata from neil vanderkruk holdings inc. The species is monoecious individual flowers are either male or female, but both sexes can be found on the same plant and is pollinated by wind. Pratt university of minnesota, botany department, 220 biological sciences center, st paul, minnesota 55108, usa received 25 january 1988. Narrowleaf cattail is an erect, rhizomatous perennial that grows 3 to 6 feet 12 m tall 15. Grows mostly in fresh water but also occurs in slightly brackish marshes, shade intolerant. Typha latifolia form dense monocultures when there is a wetland disturbance.
High levels of ecotypic variation and the widespread cooccurrence of 2 to 3 compatible cattail species can make field identification difficult. Niche differentiation between two rhizomatous plant species. They can reach 8 or more feet tall and grow prolifically from thick, underground rhizomes. Morphological characteristics and biomass allocation were examined for two species of typha in a small pond. Guidelines for establishing aquatic plants in constructed. Its lateral rhizomes, produced at the leaf base, can grow up to 27. Water depth should be 0 to 6 and the soils should be wet. Typha latifolia cattails are among the most common of all aquatic plants. The experimental design includedtwo wetland gravel depths 45 and 60 cm and five plantingtreatments each species in monoculture, an equal mixture of the three species, and controls without vegetation.
Therefore, constructed wetlands must be a planned component of the total animal waste treatment system. This is fine when growing in its native habitat, but the plant can become a serious weeds in managed aquatic systems worldwide, where it can invade canals, ditches, reservoirs, cultivated fields, and farm ponds. The record derives from wcsp which reports it as an accepted name record 271005 with original publication details. Typha angustifolia general botanical characteristics. Therefore, the effects of harvest date and frequency on yield and nutritional value were studied in three experiments during the first growing season after establishment of two different t. A popular choice for wetlands and bog areas, common cattails are great for natural water filtration. Role of macrophyte typha latifolia in a constructed wetland for wastewater treatment and assessment of its potential as a biomass fuel. A pdf copy of all cited articles is available on the accompanying compact disk.
A solid plant group along stones indicate that they were eaten 30,000 years ago the shoreline. Treatment of domestic wastewater by three plant species in. Sagittaria grows prolifically around ponds or wetlands in shallow water. Typha latifolia has been found in a variety of climates, including tropical, subtropical, southern and northern temperate, humid coastal, and dry continental. Ranges for these two plants overlap and they sometimes hybridize typha x glauca has characteristics of both parents making. This wellknown, deciduous, marginal water plant has upright, strapshaped leaves and in late summer, bears dark cream, terminal flower heads, followed by large, ornamental, dark brown, sausageshaped seed heads. Three common appalachian plant species juncus effusus l. Ranges for these two plants overlap and they sometimes hybridize typha x glauca has characteristics of both parents making it sometimes very difficult to identify a specimen plant in the wild. Typha latifolia can be found in aquatic communities at all stages, from early to late successional, whereas t. Common cattail typha latifolia is an aquatic and perennial plant that propagates through seed. Their hybrid species, typha x glauca, has similar habitat requirements to t.
Typha latifolia seeds bullrush, bullrush, broadleaf cattail. The scientific name of broadleaf cattail is typha latifolia l. The experimental design includedtwo wetland gravel depths 45 and 60 cm and five plantingtreatments each species in monoculture, an equal mixture of the three species, and controls. This species produces dark brown seed heads, which make an excellent addition to floral and dried arrangements. Differences in productivity, height, flowering, and other developmental characteristics were evident when broadleaf cattail seeds were collected from various parts of the united states and grown in a common area. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern united states and adjacent canada. Typha xglauca, typha latifolia, biologie des mauvaises herbes. The common cattail has large underwater underground rhizomes that allow for quick and dense proliferation. Typha angustifolia is very similar to typha latifolia, but is of narrower stature. Both narrowleaf and hybrid cattails are superior competitors to broadleaf cattail, with the ability to dominate not only healthy wetlands, but also ditches and urban stormwater basins. Pdf taxonomical and pharmacological status of typha. Cattails typha species cattails are among the most common of all aquatic plants. Varieties subspecies cultivar common synonyms massula latifolia l.
It is a marginal aquatic perennial that spreads by. Twostage series of horizontal subsurface flow cws with phragmites australis up series and typha latifolia ut series provided high removal of organics from tannery wastewater, up to 88% of biochemical oxygen demand bod 5 from an inlet of 420 to mg l. Cattails make a nice accent plant in any size pond. Typha species ufifas center for aquatic and invasive plants. Genetic variation in common cattail typha latifolia in. Narrowleaf and hybrid cattails form dense, singlespecies stands, while the broadleaf cattail colonies are less dense. Dense common cattail thickets are popular nesting areas for waterfowl, and provide. This species outcompetes other typha specie s in shallow waters and is more shade tolerant. Typha species, broadleaf cattail, bulrush, common cattail. Biomass 17 1988 79104 production of cattail typha spp. It can outcompete other natives so plant it where you dont ming it spreading. It is a marginal aquatic perennial that spreads by creeping rhizomes to form dense colonies in shallow water. Broadleaf cattail hybridizes with both other north american cattail species, narrowleaved cattail t. Latitudinal characteristics of below and aboveground.
In typha domingensis, southern cattail, there is a gap between the male and female flowers on the spike. Common cattail is a marsh plant and so grows best in extremely moist environments including freshwater marshes, ditches, and shorelines. Typha spp has potential to be used for bioremediation of polluted waste water as they tolerate high amounts of pollutants and are capable of taking up chemical pollutants and. Typha latifolia seeds bullrush, bullrush, broadleaf cattail, common cattail, great reedmace, cat o nine tails. Typha latifolia as a forage crop on rewetted peatlands paludiculture could reduce these issues. In typha latifolia, the common cattail, the male and female flowers run together on the spike, and cannot be easily distinguished. In bog or aquatic gardens, they are a great textural asset with their tall upright habit, but it may become invasive, so division is recommended every few years when it is springtime. If planting in a container common cattails may need repotted each year. Typha latifolia bullseg, bulseg, suitipillie, bulwand is a perennial yerbaceous plant in the genus typha. Soil should be kept saturated, with approximately 12 of water over the surface of the soil after planting. This site uses cookies to analyze traffic and for ads measurement purposes.
The common cattail is a large marsh plant that measures approximately 90270 cm. Midwest, namely typha angustifolia narrowleaf cattail and typha latifolia common cattail. Plug spacing of 2530 cm will fill in within one growing season. Cattail family species scientific name scientific name typha latifolia linnaeus l. Range dynamics and invasive tendencies in typha latifolia and typha angustifolia in eastern north america derived from herbarium and pollen records. It is the common cattail found throughout the state of missouri. Cattailsspread both vegetatively and by seed, particularly. Browse pictures and read growth cultivation information about typha species, broadleaf cattail, bulrush, common cattail, coopers reed, typha latifolia supplied by member gardeners in the plan. Typha latifolia online atlas of the british and irish flora.
It is found at elevations from sea level to 7,500 feet 2,300 m. Typha latifolia seeds bullrush, bullrush, broadleaf. Tracheophyta magnoliopsida typhaceae typha typha latifolia. Genus typha are deciduous, rhizomatous perennials from marginal aquatic habitats, with long strapshaped leaves and characteristic dark brown, cylindrical flower spikes in summer details t. The unique cigar like flowers provide interest, while the stand themselves provide nesting sites. Download includes an excel spreadsheet of the attributes, and a pdf explaining the background and nomenclature. Typha latifolia has for centuries been an important plant for indigenous people, being a valuable food source and useful fiber. Typha latifolia generally occurs in shallower water than typha angustifolia. Treatment of industrial wastewater with twostage constructed.
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